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Music rights explained: who owns the song, the master and the beat?

In shortA song has two separate sets of rights: the composition (melody and lyrics, owned by the writers) and the master recording (owned by whoever paid for or made the recording, unless a contract says otherwise). Beats and background music are usually licensed, not sold outright, so always get the terms in writing. This is general information, not legal advice.

Last updated:

  • Composition
  • Master
  • Beat licences
  • Soundtracks
  • Royalty-free

Composition vs master: what is the difference?

The composition is the song itself: melody, harmony and lyrics. The master is one specific recording of it. A cover version uses the same composition with a new master. Streaming and broadcast pay both sides separately, which is why it matters who owns each.

What should a beat or music licence say?

Before you release, check that your licence answers these questions:

  • Exclusive or non-exclusive: can the producer sell the same beat to others?
  • Where you can use it: streaming, YouTube, TV, ads, films
  • Territory and period: Egypt only or worldwide, and for how long
  • Monetisation: can you earn from YouTube and streaming?
  • Credit: does the producer need to be credited?

Who owns the rights to a custom soundtrack?

It depends on the contract: a full buy-out transfers the rights to the client, while a licence lets the client use the music for a defined use, territory and period while the composer keeps ownership. Broadcast and advertising uses usually need wider licences than social posts.

Questions people ask us

Does "royalty-free" mean the music is free?

No. It means you pay once for a licence and owe no per-play royalties. The music still has an owner and the licence still has limits.

Can I use a famous soundtrack in my YouTube video?

Not without a licence from the rights holders; it will usually trigger a copyright claim. Use licensed or original music instead.

Where can I learn more?

The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) publishes general guides on music and copyright. For contracts, consult a lawyer.

Further reading

This page is general information, not a substitute for professional advice.

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